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In my previous videos, I described fabric terminologies like warp, weft, selvedge, Grain & fiber. In this video, I shall explain the term Yarn. When there is more than one fiber interlocked, it is called yarn. A long continuous strand of interlocked or twisted fibers is yarn. Textile yarn can be made with natural fiber, synthetic or man made fibers.
The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. The process of making yarn is called spinning. Yarn can be spun by machine or by hand. Yarn used for weaving tends to have a tight twist, smooth surface, and lots of lengthwise strength. Yarn for knitting has a looser twist. All textile yarn is classified according to structure, or how they are made. In general, there are three basic classifications. Let’s look at each of them.
• Staple fiber yarns are made of many short staple fibers that are wound together to make yarn. This is the most basic classification of yarn. Most staple fiber yarns are made of natural materials.
• Ply yarns are made of one or more strands of staple fiber yarns. A single ply yarn is a single strand of staple fibers held together by twisting. Two- and three-ply yarns are made of two or three single yarns twisted together. Multiple-ply yarns are used for fabrics that might require more strength or fabrics that need a desired surface effect.
• Filament yarn is made of one or more continuous strands that run the entire length of the yarn. These are much longer than staple fibers. Silk is the only natural filament yarn. Most filament yarns tend to be made from synthetic materials created by mechanical or chemical processes.
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